The present paper seeks, from the political realism of Hinkelammert and the politics of the liberation of Dussel, to identify the initial limits that delineate the framework of political action. The political action framework delimits the space of empirical possibility. For it, the definition of politics is adopted as “art of the possible”, explicitly accepted by Hinkelammert and developed implicitly by Dussel. Three limits are identified that outline the framework of political action: 1) the natural environment as a condition of (...) existence of living corporality, 2) the satisfaction of physical needs as a condition to preserve living corporality, 3) intersubjective experiences as a condition to maintain the human life. Propose these limits allows to establish the bases of the utopia of the political realism of Hinkelammert and of the politics of the liberation of Dussel. (shrink)

The COVID-19 pandemic has driven organizations to implement various flexible work arrangements. Due to a lack of longitudinal studies, there is currently no consensus in specialized literature regarding the consequences of flexible work arrangements on employee mental health, as well any long term potential impacts. Using the Job Demand-Resource Model, this study documents consequences of the implementation of two types of flexible work arrangement: work schedule flexibility and teleworking on employee mental health over time, and the mediating role played by (...) work overload during the accelerated implementation of flexible work arrangements in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a longitudinal design and probabilistic sampling, 209 workers participated in this study, twice answering a flexible work arrangement and mental health questionnaire during the pandemic. Findings of this moderated-mediation suggest that work schedule flexibility generates positive effects on mental health over time due to decreased work overload, but only for employees not working from home. These results offer theoretical and practical implications applicable to organizations considering implementation of flexible work arrangements, particularly with regard to how these flexible practices could support a balance between demand and resources, their impact on work overload, and employee mental health over time. (shrink)

O presente estudo analisa a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases, o Plano Nacional de Educação e o Programa Mais Educação São Paulo, especificamente as partes que tratam da política curricular da ampliação da jornada de aulas na rede pública de ensino de São Paulo, conhecida como escola integral. Metodologia: A análise se dá a partir da perspectiva arqueológica de Michel Foucault, sua terminologia e análise discursiva. Objetivo: O objetivo da pesquisa foi valer-se da contribuição do filósofo e de sua analítica (...) para a leitura crítica e ponderada de documentos educacionais oficiais. Os documentos foram analisados sob a luz dos pressupostos que alicerçam seus objetivos e concepções, mas principalmente sob a perspectiva da analítica arqueológica. A metodologia contemplou, portanto, a análise das regularidades, contradições, comparações e transformações dos três documentos fundantes da escola integral. Resultados: A leitura arqueológica de três documentos da escola integral revelou que a proposta é, de certa forma, totalizante, no sentido de que apresenta a escola integral como supostamente detentora de enorme poder de transformação social, política e educacional. Revelou, além disso, que a proposta tem características paliativas, no sentido de que a escola integral é apresentada como panaceia, quando, de fato, não parece funcionar efetivamente em todos os casos, circunstâncias e objetos, como os documentos presumem. Mostrou ainda que a proposta padece, entre outras coisas, de contradições intrínsecas, extrínsecas e derivadas. Finalmente, revelou que a proposta hierarquiza saberes, nem sempre tem aplicação prática e assume, às vezes, contornos demagógicos. O discurso da escola de tempo integral parece trair a ideia de que o tempo proporciona uma espécie de controle regimental sobre os outros. Fala-se de mais tempo na escola como se isto significasse automaticamente mais qualidade no ensino. Conclusão: Concluímos, portanto, que a proposta da escola em tempo integral esvazia a discussão de uma consideração mais atenta à qualidade das políticas educacionais como um todo, especialmente as curriculares. Palavras-chave : Foucault. Arqueologia do saber. Políticas públicas. Escola integral. (shrink)

Neuroenhancement involves the use of neurotechnologies to improve cognitive, affective or behavioural functioning, where these are not judged to be clinically impaired. Questions about enhancement have become one of the key topics of neuroethics over the past decade. The current study draws on in-depth public engagement activities in ten European countries giving a bottom-up perspective on the ethics and desirability of enhancement. This informed the design of an online contrastive vignette experiment that was administered to representative samples of 1000 respondents (...) in the ten countries and the United States. The experiment investigated how the gender of the protagonist, his or her level of performance, the efficacy of the enhancer and the mode of enhancement affected support for neuroenhancement in both educational and employment contexts. Of these, higher efficacy and lower performance were found to increase willingness to support enhancement. A series of commonly articulated claims about the individual and societal dimensions of neuroenhancement were derived from the public engagement activities. Underlying these claims, multivariate analysis identified two social values. The Societal/protective highlights counter normative consequences and opposes the use enhancers. The Individual/proactionary highlights opportunities and supports use. For most respondents these values are not mutually exclusive. This suggests that for many neuroenhancement is viewed simultaneously as a source of both promise and concern. (shrink)

El presente estudio se basa en las colecciones de los manuscritos árabes que se conservan actualmente en España. Para ello se hace un análisis de las colecciones existentes. A continuación se lleva a cabo un estudio de los catálogos e inventarios aparecidos, desde los primeros en el siglo XVI hasta la actualidad, deteniéndose en los más destacados. La segunda parte del estudio se centra en la técnica del análisis documental, que engloba los trabajos de catalogación y descripción bibliográfica. Se repasa (...) la normativa vigente, para terminar con reflexiones personales de los datos que deben aparecer en los catálogos y cómo deben aparecer. (shrink)

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o bem-estar dos trabalhadores da saúde de um centro de reabilitação e readaptação, relacionando-o com a crença no mundo justo e com o lócus de controle. Participaram 146 profissionais que responderam a um questionário formado por perguntas sobre dados sócio-demog..

O objetivo deste artigo é descrever técnicas grupais desenvolvidas nas turmas do 3º e 6º ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola municipal situada em uma cidade do interior do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. As técnicas tiveram o intuito de intervir em demandas escolares associadas a relações interpessoais e comportamentos desafiadores e opositores tendo como base os pressupostos teóricos e práticos da abordagem cognitivo-comportamental. Os grupos foram homogêneos, com média de 10 estudantes, com objetivo de psicoeducação e de (...) orientação/ treinamento, visando a promoção de saúde na escola. A experiência relatada colabora com a práxis metodológica da área a qual pertence, oferecendo relatos de práticas singulares que podem ser adaptadas a outros contextos e demandas escolares similares. (shrink)

The increase in women’s labor market participation emphasizes the importance of understanding maternal separation anxiety, that is, the unpleasant maternal emotional state, due to the actual or anticipated short-term separation from the child. Drawing on the insights of the attachment and psychoanalytic perspectives, the Maternal Separation Anxiety Scale was developed to overcome existing measurement gaps. However, prior research did not replicate its original three-factor structure in the contemporary context and in other cultural settings, using large samples composed of mothers of (...) preschool children. This study aimed to examine the factorial structure of the MSAS in a sample of 597 Portuguese mothers of children aged 5–84 months who completed the questionnaire. The exploratory factor analysis conducted in subsample 1 revealed a four-factor structure: Maternal Negative Feelings, Beliefs about Exclusive Maternal Care, Need of Proximity, and Perceptions of Separation Benefits for Children. Confirmatory factor analyses conducted in subsample 2 revealed that the original three-factor structure revealed a poor fit, whereas the four-factor solution revealed an acceptable fit. As in previous studies, our findings report deviations from the original three-factor structure of the MSAS. Three of the newly identified factors seem to reflect specific sub-dimensions that originally guided item development in the MSAS, namely, maternal negative feelings, maternal attitudes about the value of exclusive maternal care, and the need of proximity with the child. The last factor appears to represent a refinement of original items pertaining to perceptions about separation effects for children. (shrink)

Thomas Kuhn is mostly known for his contributions to the philosophy of science. However, it was chiefly to investigations in philosophy of language that he dedicated the last part of his career. The aim of this paper is to present a systematic view of Kuhn’s main ideas on this subject. I start by describing his theory of concept, in particular what he says about kind terms. Such terms, acquired in blocks that form contrast sets or “taxonomies,” are learned through ostensible (...) definitions. Next, I analyze Kuhn’s concepts of “meaning” and “truth.” Finally, I discuss a second type of kinds terms, not fully investigated by him, which is learned together with scientific laws. Resumo Thomas Kuhn é conhecido principalmente por suas contribuições para a filosofia da ciência. No entanto, foi em grande medida à filosofia da linguagem que ele dedicou a última parte de sua carreira. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma visão sistemática das principais ideias de Kuhn sobre esse assunto. Começo descrevendo sua teoria do conceito, em particular o que ele diz sobre termos para espécie. Tais termos, aprendidos em blocos que formam conjuntos de contraste ou “taxonomias”, são aprendidos através de definições ostensivas. Em seguida, analiso as concepções de Kuhn de “significado” e “verdade”. Finalmente, discuto um segundo tipo de termo para espécies, não totalmente investigado por ele, que é aprendido junto com as leis científicas. (shrink)

El presente estudio se basa en las colecciones de los manuscritos árabes que se conservan actualmente en España. Para ello se hace un análisis de las colecciones existentes. A continuación se lleva a cabo un estudio de los catálogos e inventarios aparecidos, desde los primeros en el siglo XVI hasta la actualidad, deteniéndose en los más destacados. La segunda parte del estudio se centra en la técnica del análisis documental, que engloba los trabajos de catalogación y descripción bibliográfica. Se repasa (...) la normativa vigente, para terminar con reflexiones personales de los datos que deben aparecer en los catálogos y cómo deben aparecer. (shrink)

Neuroenhancement involves the use of neurotechnologies to improve cognitive, affective or behavioural functioning, where these are not judged to be clinically impaired. Questions about enhancement have become one of the key topics of neuroethics over the past decade. The current study draws on in-depth public engagement activities in ten European countries giving a bottom-up perspective on the ethics and desirability of enhancement. This informed the design of an online contrastive vignette experiment that was administered to representative samples of 1000 respondents (...) in the ten countries and the United States. The experiment investigated how the gender of the protagonist, his or her level of performance, the efficacy of the enhancer and the mode of enhancement affected support for neuroenhancement in both educational and employment contexts. Of these, higher efficacy and lower performance were found to increase willingness to support enhancement. A series of commonly articulated claims about the individual and societal dimensions of neuroenhancement were derived from the public engagement activities. Underlying these claims, multivariate analysis identified two social values. The Societal/Protective highlights counter normative consequences and opposes the use enhancers. The Individual/Proactionary highlights opportunities and supports use. For most respondents these values are not mutually exclusive. This suggests that for many neuroenhancement is viewed simultaneously as a source of both promise and concern. (shrink)

This article aims to problematize, through the theoretical contributions of the post-colonial studies, the catholic church’s colonization project towards the Amapaense Amazon’s popular catholicism - such as the Myth of Cobra Grande - constituted as a project evolved around eurocentric and judeo-christian assumptions to the detriment of afro-amerindian cultural, identity and religious expressions, of catholic communities in the urban and rural areas of the brazilian Amazon. The amazonian population develops strategies of resistance and re-existence in order to maintain their religious (...) traditions around festa dos santos, pilgrimages, festivities, rosaries, quermesses, and other activities as forms of origins establishment or origins return for the foundation of a narrative identity.. (shrink)

Com este breve artigo, prendemos fazer um estudo sobre os Sodomitas “de cor” perseguidos pela Inquisição Portuguesa na Bahia do século XVII. Inicialmente, faz-se uma reflexão sobre a Sodomia, delito contra a fé católica, crime que estava sob a alçada do Tribunal do Santo Ofício e que fora praticado pelos negros escravizados e a partir dos documentos inquisitoriais, discorremos sobre a trajetória dos desviantes: o cativo lisboeta Jeronimo Soares, que fora acusado de sodomita e “alcoviteiro” e o mulato ator cômico (...) Bugio, denunciado por praticar sodomia, por fim, procuramos evidenciar as andanças, força, formas de repressão utilizadas contra esses sodomitas no contexto baiano, assim com a influência da religião – Igreja Católica – e as ferramentas de controle utilizadas para “convencer” a sociedade colonial a seguir o caminho correto da fé e da moral. As fontes utilizadas são os registros de depoimentos dos “hereges” e das testemunhas, produzidas pelo Santo Ofício, localizadas no Arquivo Nacional da Torre do Tombo : Sumário de culpa nº 12257 e Caderno do Promotor nº 29. Palavras-chave: Escravidão, Sodomia, Inquisição, Brasil Colônia. (shrink)

Es corriente invocar el lenguaje de los derechos para demandar justicia. Sin embargo, el uso irreflexivo de este lenguaje puede ser perjudicial. En este trabajo, presento dos argumentos en favor de una más atenta reflexión sobre el concepto de derecho subjetivo. Primero, uso la distinción entre el concepto y la concepción de una noción normativa para precisar cuál es la clase de investigación que la reflexión sobre el concepto de derecho implica y los problemas que trae ignorarla para las prácticas (...) de reivindicación de justicia. Segundo, propongo que el que un individuo o colectivo tenga derecho a la satisfacción de un contenido dado significa que existen razones suficientes, pero no absolutas, para que alguien esté obligado a actuar de forma que contribuya razonablemente y de una manera especificada a la satisfacción de tal contenido. Esta propuesta del concepto de derecho subjetivo es “independiente”, en tanto permite la discusión de diferentes concepciones de derechos en una sociedad democrática. Además, articula la idea de que conceder un derecho implica siempre considerar la manera en que se distribuyen las cargas y responsabilidades al interior de una sociedad, así como la forma en que sus instituciones deben funcionar en conjunto. (shrink)

Hannah Arendt’s work is notably ambiguous in handling the concept of will. On the one hand, willing appears as an anti-political faculty; on the other, it is named as the spring of political action. This paper asks what does this shift mean to her political theory —hoping that it could also help us to think our current political conflicts. The main argument is that will’s consistency with the plurality of public-political life becomes intelligible only if we have in mind its (...) contentious feature as well as its bonding role among the several faculties that compose a multiple self. However, the anti-political notion of the will as a command that imposes itself as a sovereign decision seems hard to avoid. I conclude by suggesting that Arendt’s reappraisal removes its arbitrary and violent character by means of what she calls the transformation of will into love. (shrink)

De se attitudes seem to play a special role in action and cognition. This raises a challenge to the traditional way in which mental attitudes have been understood. In this chapter, we review the case for thinking that de se attitudes require special theoretical treatment and discuss various ways in which the traditional theory can be modified to accommodate de se attitudes.

El artículo asume que el complejo proceso privatizador y descentralizador que vivió el sistema educativo chileno desde el año 1981 ha tenido consecuencias en el sujeto que se educa, a través de problemáticas que se concentran en los actores educativos –específicamente los estudiantes–. Estas problemáticas se han definido como la “psicologización” de los problemas del sistema educativo, la supuesta “clientelización” de los alumnos y el lugar que le cabe a La Familia como figura preponderante en el proceso privatizador. Las consecuencias (...) de esto dicen relación con la consolidación del sistema privatizado en la forma de enfrentar las subjetividades y, muy especialmente, en el quiebre del rol público que le cabe a la escuela y a la educación. (shrink)

The negative impacts of agriculture on the environment and the inequity that limits access to healthy food for the entire population impede sustainable development. This article reflects contributions to food security and alternatives for transitioning to sustainable food systems. It is concluded that food, as a human right, is a complex and transdisciplinary issue, which must be integrated as a transversal axis in the economic, social, environmental, governance, and cultural dimensions to contribute to sustainable development and therefore the convenience of (...) making the transition from the concept of food security to that of food sustainability. (shrink)

Esta reflexión evidencia cómo desde los años sesenta Amílcar Osorio produce una práctica artística en procura de la desinstitucionalización de la literatura y del arte, al situar sus objetivos estéticos no solo en las letras como posibilidad narrativa y poética, sino en la utilización de lo visual, el espacio y la vida misma como recurso artístico. Con esto el autor consigue difuminar las fronteras entre literatura, artes visuales y de acción, y logra producir lo que se puede considerar hoy una (...) práctica intermedial, al tomar estrategias propias del arte conceptual que le permiten conectar la vida cotidiana, la literatura, las ideas como expresión artística, la imagen y la performance. (shrink)

Mediante un lenguaje paradojal, la obra de Miguel de Unamuno plantea de modo recurrente la cuestión de Dios, especialmente en el libro Del sentimiento trágico de la vida. Lo plantea bajo dos perspectivas: la del Dios pensado y la del Dios sentido. En ambos casos se trata de un Dios personal cuyo encuentro tiene lugar por vía de la intuición vivencial y el recogimiento. Se reconocen allí coincidencias con San Juan de la Cruz, y en general, con la mística al (...) privilegiar el sentimiento frente al entendimiento, la vivencia frente a la racionalidad. (shrink)

En los tiempos que corren parece ser que se ha ido gestando un nuevo tipo de sociedad en la que el consumismo es el núcleo moral de la vida. Todo hoy está sometido a la lógica de un mercado que tiene como nota preponderante la seducción; de ahí que lo lúdico y lo estético pretendan operar hoy en día como ejes integradores de la cultura. Embellecerse exteriormente y divertirse han devenido deberes, tanto que la gente suele sentirse avergonzada de trabajar (...) mucho y no gozar más, de no disponer de más tiempo libre para disfrutar más, con lo cual resulta evidente que seguimos viviendo bajo el signo de la desmesura: en la Modernidad vivimos para trabajar, hoy trabajamos para consumir. (shrink)

Vocación es una categoría ética, que alude a la perspectiva en que ponemos nuestra vida y a las preferencias que la van orientando en la praxis cotidiana. En sentido ético, la vocación tiene cuatro notas definitorias: Las elecciones cotidianas, la prudencia, la realización efectiva del proyecto fundamental y la entrega personal y comunitaria a un quehacer, y a éstas hay que adicionarles la vertiente religiosa o trascendente. La tarea moral, consiste en llegar a ser lo que se puede ser, con (...) lo que se es, de donde resulta que el verdadero destino es nuestro ser mismo: «Llega a ser el que eres». La vocación más que un llamado es «un êthos de fidelidad a sí mismo», un programa de vida, un afán de ser responsable y «tomarse en serio la vida», buscando que sea auténtica y plena. (shrink)

Call ‘a substance’ a person who is at home in a relatively stable and unified sense-making framework: a social structure that to some degree specifies which categories are important for interpreting reality, which goals are worth pursing, which character traits are admirable, etc. Call ‘an accident’ a person who is not at home in one such framework. It is tempting to think that being a substance is preferable, but I present some considerations for thinking otherwise. Mexican philosophers Emilio Uranga and (...) Jorge Portilla, I argue, present notions of accidentality as decolonial tools. Uranga’s account enables Mexicans to have positive valuation of their being independently of the approving gaze of the colonizers and their standards of value. Portilla’s thought distinguishes between pernicious accidentality resulting from the disintegration of sense-making frameworks and authentic accidentality as a condition for freedom, self-creation, and ultimately for individual and communal liberation. (shrink)

Resumo Este artigo estuda o projecto pessoano acerca da confederação ibérica. A Ibéria imperial é concebida como um imperialismo cosmopolita por – e para – poetas. O símbolo e a analogia conduzem a um drama. Pensa-se em um drama que avança através do “pensar trágico” e do “sentir poético” que desemboca no onírico. Um sonho em que se associa três dos famosos heterónimos pessoanos, Alberto Caeiro, Ricardo Reis e Álvaro de Campos, e as três nações ibéricas irmãs: Portugal, Espanha e (...) Catalunha. Palavras-chave : cosmopolitanismo, cultura, Ibéria, imperialismo, PessoaThis paper studies Pessoa’s project about the Iberian Confederation. Imperial Iberia is considered a cosmopolitan empire from – and for – poets. Symbol and Analogy lead to Drama. It is thought a Drama that begins with “tragic thinking” and “poetic feeling”; ending in an oniric sense. A dream that associates the three famous pessoa’s heteronims, Alberto Caeiro, Ricardo Reis and Álvaro de Campos, and the three Iberian nations: Portugal, Spain and Catalonia. Keywords : cosmopolitanism, culture, Iberia, imperialism, Pessoa. (shrink)

Who is made unfree by systematic injustices, like poverty, patriarchy, or race? Many think the answer is, "The victims." Who has duties to challenge these injustices? Many say, "The privileged." To both, this book offers a different answer: "Everyone." Everyone is made unfree by such injustices: victims, bystanders, and perpetrators alike. For such injustices try to suppress everyone's resistance to their workings, and that suppression counts as arbitrary power. Moreover, everyone has a duty to themselves to be free. Examining three (...) major global injustices--gender, race, and poverty--this book thus offers a new defence of the doctrine of the global left, "No one is free while others are oppressed!". (shrink)

Introducción: se presenta un ensayo cuyo objetivo es fijar posiciones frente al resumen del Informe de la Comisión sobre Determinantes Sociales de la Salud (CDSS) proponer las acciones políticas que los movimientos sociales en salud deben emprender. Análisis: las recomendaciones de la CDSS no enfocan el problema en toda su compleja naturaleza y en especial desconoce la influencia decisiva de la formación económica social sobre la situación crítica de la salud en el mundo. Acción: se propone la unidad de los (...) movimientos sociales que actúan en el campo de salud para luchar contra los efectos de las políticas económicas y sociales dominantes en el mundo: reducción del papel del estado, privatización de servicios, desregulación laboral, privatización de la seguridad social, políticas migratorias y otras. Denunciemos toda política neoliberal en relación con la salud, practiquemos la solidaridad con los que luchan contra esas políticas, derrotemos el monopolio mediático neoliberal, enfocar el problema de los DSS como asunto político social, no técnico y defendamos el papel protagónico del estado, único capaz de asegurar servicios de salud al alcance de todos. Conclusión: "Nuestro deber es luchar", como nos advirtió Fidel Castro. Introduction: An essay is presented in order to set positions against the Report´s summary of the Commission on social determinants of public health (CSDPH) that suggests the political actions to be undertaken by Health social movements. Analysis: The CSDPH recommendations do not focus the problem in all its complex nature and do not recognize the decisive influence of the social economic formation on the critical situation of Health in the world. Action: unity of social movements acting in the field of health to fight against the effects of the dominant economic and social policies of today´s world: reduction of the role of the State, privatization of services, labour deregulation, privatization of social security, migratory policies and others. We denounce any neo-liberal policy in relation to Health. Let´s support those who struggle against those policies; let´s defeat the neoliberal media monopoly, let´s focus on the problem of social determinants as a sociopolitical issue , not as a technical one; let´s defend the leading role of the State, the only one capable to ensure health services to everyone. Conclusion: As Fidel Castro expressed: "Our duty is to fight. (shrink)

Some placebo-controlled trials can continue ethically after a candidate vaccine is found to be safe and efficacious.

El artículo estudia la refutación del origenismo evagriano que lleva a cabo Máximo el Confesor en el Ambiguum 7, donde esta crítica está tematizada con mayor claridad. Máximo invierte la tríada origenista estabilidad-movimiento-creación, defendiendo con ello que las almas no preexisten a la creación, sino que lo que precede es la voluntad de Dios para con los seres creados, y que el cuerpo y el alma fueron creados simultáneamente.

Los cinco estudios que componen este volumen estan dedicados a mostrar que es posible abordar el estudio de un film y por extension del cine en su conjunto a partir de fragmentos minimos extraidos de una obra concreta. Concebidos con una metodologia unitaria intentan, limitando al maximo el uso de esa jerga especializada que suele hacer de muralla entre el analista y el lector, proporcionar instrumentos operativos para todos aquellos que conciben el cine como territorio donde saber y placer no (...) solo no estan renidos sino que se refuerzan mutuamente. Los ejemplos han sido tomados, conscientemente, de obras al mismo tiempo muy conocidas y suficientemente representativas de determinadas maneras de hacer. Se ha huido de toda normatividad con la finalidad de hacer buena la frase de S.M. Eisenstein cuando recordaba a sus discipulos que el no podia ensenarles nada, pero ellos si que podian aprender mucho. Equidistante del moderno analisis formalista y de la tradicion clasica que reivindicaba la primacia del contenido, el tipo de trabajo patente en estas paginas reivindica el lugar central del texto filmico y sus texturas singulares en los nuevos estudios cinematograficos. (shrink)